In front of rapt crowds, Pope Benedict XVI spoke of moments of joy and
struggle Wednesday during his final public address from a stage set up
in St. Peter's Square.
Dressed all in white and
looking serene, the pope used his last general audience to call for a
renewal of faith and speak of his own spiritual journey through eight
years as leader of the world's 1.2 billion Catholics.
As he finished, cheers
erupted from the tens of thousands gathered in the square --
acknowledged by Benedict with an open-armed embrace.
As well as calling for a
renewal of faith, he discussed his experience as pontiff and his almost
unprecedented decision to resign the role starting Thursday.
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Benedict recounted how when he was asked to be pope eight years ago, he had prayed for God's guidance.
"And the Lord has really driven, I was close, I could feel his presence every day," he said.
"It was a part of the journey of the church that has had moments of joy and light, but also moments that were not easy."
The church is like a boat that passes through stormy seas, but God will "not let her sink," he said.
Those words will be seen
by many as a reference to the series of child sex abuse scandals and
corruption claims that have rocked the Roman Catholic Church in the
course of his pontificate.
Benedict thanked the
cardinals, the clergy in Rome, Vatican officials and priests worldwide,
as well as their congregations, saying "the heart of a pope extends to
the whole world."
He had taken the step of resignation well aware of its gravity and novelty, but also "with a deep peace of mind," he said.
"In recent months, I
felt that my strength had decreased, and I asked God earnestly in prayer
to enlighten me with his light to make me take the right decision not
for my sake, but for the good of the church," he said.
"Loving the church also
means having the courage to make tough choices," he said, as he called
on the faithful to pray for him and the new pope.
Benedict gave an insight
into the life of the pontiff, describing it as without any kind of
privacy, with his time devoted entirely to the church -- perhaps
particularly difficult for a man known for his love of scholarship.
His life in retirement
will be "simply a return to the private place. My decision is to forgo
the exercise of active ministry, not revoke it. In order to return to
private life, not to a life of travel, meetings, receptions, conferences
and so on," he said.
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Benedict's final papal audience
Vatican officials said
50,000 tickets had been handed out for Benedict's last general audience
-- but authorities said they had prepared for as many as 200,000 people
to show up to witness the historic moment in person.
Benedict, who spoke
first in Italian, also gave greetings in French, German and English,
among other languages, reflecting the church's global reach.
Those lucky enough to
have tickets listened from seats in front of St. Peter's Basilica. Among
them were many of the Roman Catholic Church's senior clergy.
Others packed around the edges of the square and surrounding side streets, hoping to catch a final glimpse of the pontiff.
Among the crowds are groups of pilgrims, who've traveled to Rome for the special and emotional occasion, as well as local residents and curious visitors keen to share in the moment.
Benedict arrived and left in his Popemobile, allowing him to pass close by many people in St. Peter's Square.
Standing in the open,
glass-topped vehicle, flanked by security, he waved as he slowly made
his way along pathways through the crowds. Some waved flags and banners
as they stood under cold but clear skies.
Normally in winter, the
pope would give his weekly Wednesday general audience inside a hall
within Vatican City, but the event was moved outside because of the
anticipated huge crowds.
The pope won't give the
usual brief personal greetings to people afterward, but will meet
delegations of heads of state in Vatican City later.
Benedict, who stunned
the world's Catholics when he announced his resignation just over two
weeks ago, will leave office at 8 p.m. local time Thursday.
At that point, a
transition period will begin, as around 115 cardinals gather in Rome to
pick a successor in a secretive election known as a conclave.
The Vatican has been
rewriting the rules to cope with an almost unprecedented situation --
Benedict is the first pope to resign in nearly 600 years.
He will meet with the
cardinals Wednesday and Thursday, before being flown by helicopter to
the papal summer residence at Castel Gandolfo.
There, from a balcony,
he will greet crowds one last time before his resignation takes effect
and the Swiss Guards, who by tradition protect the pope, ceremonially
leave the residence's gate.
More details were given Tuesday of how the 85-year-old's life in retirement will play out.
He will keep the papal
title Benedict XVI, rather than reverting to the name Joseph Ratzinger,
and will be referred to as "his holiness," said the Rev. Federico
Lombardi, a Vatican spokesman.
He will also go by the title his holiness "pontiff emeritus" or "pope emeritus."
Pope Benedict XVI wearing red shoes.
Living out of the public
eye in a small monastery within Vatican City, Benedict will wear a
simple white robe, without the papal red cape, and will swap his red
shoes for brown ones. He is expected to devote his time to prayer and
study.
Catholic author Michael Walsh told CNN he was unsurprised by Benedict's desire for more privacy.
"He's a rather private
man, he wants to get back to his books and his cats, he wants to get
back to prayer," he said. "He's obviously coming towards the end of his
life -- he's 85 -- so I understand that."
But, Walsh added, "what I
don't understand is that he says he wants to be part of it all, which
could be disastrous if you take it at face value," referring to
Benedict's promise not to abandon the church.
"The notion that you have two people that claim to be pope, in a sense, is really going to be very confusing," Walsh said.
Vatican officials have said they don't anticipate any interference from Benedict as a new pope takes office.
However, his influence will be felt in as much as he appointed 67 of the cardinals who will enter the conclave.
Whoever his successor
may be will have plenty on his plate, from allegations swirling in the
Italian media that gay clergy may have made themselves vulnerable to
blackmail by male prostitutes -- a claim vehemently denied by the
Vatican -- to the festering issue of the church's handling of child
abuse by priests.
The Vatican said Monday
that a report by three cardinals into leaks of secret Vatican documents,
ordered by Benedict last year and seen only by him, would be passed on
to the new pontiff.
Meanwhile, the cardinals who must elect the new pope are already gathering in Rome, Lombardi said.
The dean cardinal will
on Friday summon the cardinals to a general congregation, Lombardi said.
That could come as soon as Monday, although the date is not yet fixed.
The cardinal-electors
will then decide exactly when to hold the conclave, during which they
pick a peer via paper ballot. The voting process ends when only when one
cardinal gains two-thirds support.
Special prayers will be
said during the "sede vacante," or empty seat period, seeking guidance
for the election of the new pope. The cardinals will lead the prayers.
After his resignation,
Benedict, who cited the frailty of age as the reason he resigned, will
no longer use the Fisherman's Ring, the symbol of the pope, Lombardi
said. The ring will be destroyed, along with Benedict's papal seal,
after his departure from office.
