Friday, 8 March 2013

Tackling Sexual Violence against Women: Time to Get Serious

The horrendous rape of the young student in India last December started a new spate of re-engagement around the world with violence against women, in particular sexual violence. The International Women’s Day presents another opportunity to bring this issue again to the fore. Just this past week, I spoke to a father whose nine-year-old daughter was raped severally by a neighbour. This week also, I read about a six-year-old girl who was raped to death by her teenage stepbrothers. In recent months, I have had to discuss the ethical and legal ramifications of the alleged actions of a school principal who, it was alleged, “checked” the female students to ensure that they were still virgins. 
Perhaps you have not heard about these particular examples of sexual violence.  Perhaps all you have heard about is the Abia State case rape, where a girl was gang raped by men who then proceeded to share their dastardly acts on the internet; or the town in Enugu State where women, including grandmothers, are raped clandestinely. Perhaps you have a personal experience of rape, a story that you are yet to share with anyone. Or your experience is even more remote – merely limited to discussions and arguments on social media about whether or not there can be any justifiable provocation for rape, or whether the concept of “marital rape” has any validity. 
Rape is an expression power over another in the most invasive way possible, one that has many potential physical, emotional and mental aftereffects. Sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS, posttraumatic stress disorder, are all possible aftereffects of sexual violence. One of the clients that I was privileged to work with recently shared with me the side effects of medications provided to counter any possible infections she experienced in the immediate aftermath of being raped.  These ranged from rashes, to headaches, to the unexplainable urge to scream at people in her workplace for the most banal of mistakes.  
In addition to the pain and devastation, emotional and physical, that accompany these acts of violence against many women and girls in our country, these acts have something else in common and one: the denial of justice. Justice, as I envision, comprises not only the punishment of the perpetrator but the provision of adequate services and resources to rehabilitate the victim. Resources such as emergency numbers, comprehensive rape kits at hospitals, advice on sexually transmitted diseases, antiretroviral treatment and free psychological counselling are currently lacking. In Nigeria, many of these things are left to the non-profit sector, with non-governmental organisations scrambling to do what little they can within their limited resources. Why is the state not more involved in protecting women and children from sexual violence?
Justice for the victims of sexual violence also requires adequate legislation and enforcement.  The enforcement of the law on sexual assaults and rape, like most essential things in Nigeria, remains grossly insufficient in many respects. Currently, the Criminal Code and the Penal Code provide for the maximum sentence of life imprisonment for ‘unlawful canal knowledge of a girl or woman without her consent’ and 14 years imprisonment for attempted rape. In the past few days, the Violence Against Persons Bill, before the National Assembly for over a decade, is reported to be making some progress towards enactment. Recently also, the House of Representatives has passed a bill that provides a punishment of life imprisonment for rapists.
We can always debate the sufficiency and appropriateness of the existing and the proposed legislation; but no one can deny the overwhelming challenge of enforcement. Very few perpetrators have experienced police arrest, let alone years of imprisonment for sexual violence. As several of our clients will testify, the ordinary policeman who is called upon to investigate a crime of sexual assault or rape often acts as though the victim is asking for too much. Often, you are told to “forgive and forget,” and that “God will punish them” especially if searching for the perpetrator(s) might require some breaking of sweat. Other times, when you can state the name and address of the perpetrator, you may be required to provide monies for “mobilisation,” which include monies to be shared amongst the police for going to arrest the perpetrator, monies to buy stationery to prepare the charge document, monies to charge the perpetrator to court, and the list goes on.  
These challenges go beyond sexual violence and pervade most criminal matters but there is an added underlying thread of indifference in sexual violence cases. While Lagos State has taken steps such as amending laws to provide for stiffer penalties, trainings, establishing specific units for violence against women, many other states have done little or nothing. Much more needs to be done to protect women and children.
Justice requires that society is ready and willing to hold perpetrators accountable.   Our outrage at hearing that a child has been sexual molested, or that a woman was raped on our street, must become tangible. This means that it begins to become unacceptable to argue in any forum that there are reasonable justifications for rape such as indecent dressing. These misogynistic excuses reflect only the contempt in which we hold our female folk rather than sensible or even moral arguments – we do not reach out to grab the packet of one hundred thousand naira sitting within easy reach at the bank simply because we were provoked. 
It requires that the equality of men and women, boys and girls, be recognised and promoted. It requires that from childhood we teach our children that we cannot overpower others and take what rightfully belongs to them by virtue of greater physical strength or gender. It requires that “regular” people, religious institutions, social organisations do the right thing – stand by a victim who insists on justice instead of asking them to relent as I have often had to deal with. It requires that we encourage victims to speak up with the full knowledge that they will not be victimised a second time by revealing what has been done to them.
On this International Women’s Day, with its very apt theme of tackling violence against women, we hope that we re-engage, as a society and as a state, with dealing with a problem that exists not only in India but is pervasive and destroying lives here in Nigeria. It is time to get serious about sexual violence. 

written by Cheluchi Onyemelukwe-Onuobia

culled from www.dailytimes.com.ng

No comments:

Post a Comment